Tableware: ping

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For other uses, see Ping (disambiguation).
Ping, Packet Internet Groper is a computer network tool used to test whether a particular host is reachable across an IP network; it is also used to self test the network interface card of the computer, or as a speed test. It works by sending ICMP cho request packets to the target host and listening for ICMP cho response replies. Ping measures the round-trip time[1] and records any packet loss, and prints when finished a statistical summary of the echo response packets received, the minimum, mean, max and in some versions the standard deviation of the round trip time.
The word ping is also frequently used as a verb or noun, where it is usually incorrectly used to refer to the round-trip time, or measuring the round-trip time.
Contents
1 History
2 ICMP packet
3 Sample pinging
3.1 Sample with Linux
3.2 Sample with Windows
3.3 Sample with Mac OS X
4 Message format
4.1 Echo request
4.2 Echo reply
5 Payload
6 In gaming
7 In common usage
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
//
History

A server denying a ping request because of the request's size.
Mike Muuss wrote the program in December, 1983, as a tool to troubleshoot odd behavior on an IP network. He named it after the pulses of sound made by a sonar, since its operation is analogous to active sonar in submarines, in which an operator issues a pulse of energy at the target, which then bounces from the target and is received by the operator. (The pulse of energy in sonar is analogous to a network packet in ping). [1][2]
The usefulness of ping in assisting the "diagnosis" of Internet connectivity issues was impaired from late in 2003, when a number of Internet Service Providers began filtering out ICMP Type 8 (echo request) messages at their network boundaries.
This was partly due to the increasing use of ping for target reconnaissance, for example by Internet worms such as Welchia that flood the Internet with ping requests in order to locate new hosts to infect. Not only did the availability of ping responses leak information to an attacker, it added to the overall load on networks, causing problems for routers across the Internet.
Although RFC 1122 prescribes that any host must accept an echo-request and issue an echo-reply in return, this is supposedly a security risk. Thus, hosts that no longer follow this standard are frequent on the public Internet.
ICMP packet
ICMP packet
Bit 0 - 7
Bit 8 - 15
Bit 16 - 23
Bit 24 - 31
IP Header(160 bits OR 20 Bytes)
Version/IHL
Type of service
Length
Identification
flags and offset
Time To Live(TTL)
Protocol
Checksum
Source IP address
Destination IP address
ICMP Payload(64+ bits OR 8+ Bytes)
Type of message
Code
Checksum
Quench
Data (optional)
Generic composition of an ICMP packet
Header (in blue):
Protocol set to 1 and Type of Service set to 0.
Payload (in red):
Type of ICMP message (8 bits)
Code (8 bits)
Checksum (16 bits), calculated with the ICMP part of the packet (the header is not used)
The ICMP 'Quench' (32 bits) field, which in this case (ICMP echo request and replies), will be composed of identifier (16 bits) and sequence number (16 bits).
Data load for the different kind of answers (Can be an arbitrary length, left to implementation detail. However must be less than the maximum MTU of the network[citation needed]).
Sample pinging
Sample with Linux
The following is a sample output of pinging en.wikipedia.org under Linux with the iputils version of ping:admin@localhost# ping en.wikipedia.org
PING rr.pmtpa.wikimedia.org (66.230.200.100) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from rr.pmtpa.wikimedia.org (66.230.200.100): icmp_seq=1 ttl=52 time=87.7 ms
64 bytes from rr.pmtpa.wikimedia.org (66.230.200.100): icmp_seq=2 ttl=52 time=95.6 ms
64 bytes from rr.pmtpa.wikimedia.org (66.230.200.100): icmp_seq=3 ttl=52 time=85.4 ms
64 bytes from rr.pmtpa.wikimedia.org (66.230.200.100): icmp_seq=4 ttl=52 time=95.8 ms
64 bytes from rr.pmtpa.wikimedia.org (66.230.200.100): icmp_seq=5 ttl=52 time=87.0 ms
64 bytes from rr.pmtpa.wikimedia.org (66.230.200.100): icmp_seq=6 ttl=52 time=97.6 ms
--- rr.pmtpa.wikimedia.org ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 8998ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 78.162/89.213/97.695/6.836 ms
This output shows that en.wikipedia.org is a DNS CNAME record for rr.pmtpa.wikimedia.org which then resolves to 66.230.200.100.
The output then shows the results of making 10 pings to 66.230.200.100 with the results summarized at the end. (To stop the program in Linux or...(and so on)