Deadlift

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Overview

The deadlift is a compound movement that works grip strength, and the primary muscles used in the deadlift are the erector spinae, the gluteus maximus, adductor magnus, hamstrings, quadriceps, and the soleus. The remaining muscles are involved in stability control. It is, in a sense, the purest single event test of strength because it is one of the few lifts of dead weight (weight lying on the ground). In most other lifts there is an eccentric (lowering the weight) phase followed by the concentric (lifting the weight) phase, the deadlift is just a concentric movement.

World record pool filter supply

The record for the tire deadlift (in which hummer tires are used in place of plates) under Strongman rules where lifting straps are allowed is 498.9 kg (1100 lbs) by Benedikt Magnsson. pottery kiln

The record for an equipped deadlift (a deadlift performed using a deadlift suit using a standard bar and plates) is 457.5 kg (1009 lbs) by Andy Bolton. autotek

The record for a raw deadlift (a deadlift performed without the aid of a deadlift suit) is 426 kg (939 lbs) by Konstantin Konstantinovs.

Muscles involved

Torso

Front

Abdomen

Rectus abdominis (under aponeurosis)

Obliques

Abdominal external oblique muscle

Back

Iliocostalis

Intertransversarii laterales lumborum

Latissimus dorsi

Levator scapulae

Longissimus

Quadratus lumborum

Rhomboideus major

Serratus posterior superior

Serratus posterior inferior

Splenius cervicis

Teres Major

Trapezius muscle

Legs

Quadriceps

Rectus femoris

Vastus lateralis

Vastus intermedius

Vastus medialis

Hamstrings

Biceps femoris muscle, long head

Biceps femoris muscle, short head

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Hips

Gluteal muscles

Gluteus maximus

Gluteus minimus

Piriformis

Superior gemellus

Forearms

Flexor digitorum profundus

Variations

The Romanian deadlift is commonly used by Olympic Weightlifters.[citation needed] This variation puts more emphasis on the hamstrings, glutes and back. It is performed standing with barbell held in front of you with knees unlocked and letting the weight descend until knee level while bending at the hip and keeping the back straight. The movement is initiated by pushing the hips back and returned by contracting the hamstrings and glutes.

The Sumo deadlift is a variation of the deadlift whereby the legs are spread far apart to the sides (arms reaching down inside of legs), mimicking a sumo stance, hence the name. This variation changes the emphasis of the lift to the legs and glutes instead of the back. The sumo deadlift is purported to be easier for those with large waists as well as those with relatively long torsos and shorter arms. However, the sumo technique may place greater stress on the hips and hamstrings, as well as the connective tissues of the pelvic bone.

Deadlifts can be performed using dumbbells or barbells, with one hand or two hands & with one leg or two legs. Variations are only limited by the athlete's imagination. Other variations are the side deadlift or suitcase deadlift, deadlift from a box, rack pulls, deadlift lockouts, and "Kuck pulls"

The archaic "dead weight lift", or "dead weight lift with lifting bar" involved a T-bar with weight loaded on it while the lifter stood on sturdy chairs or other such platforms.[citation needed] A remarkably heavy amount of weight could be lifted in this manner due to its short range of motion; the main limitations are in the grip. This lift is similar to the modern day rack pulls, where a heavy amount of weight is lifted deadlift style a short distance in a power cage or squat rack.

Typically, there are two grips used: overhand, or pronated, and a mixed overhand-underhand (supinated) (sometimes called "offset," "staggered," "alternating", or "mixed") grip. Dependent on forearm strength, the overhand grip may result in the bar potentially rolling about. Some argue the mixed grip is capable of neutralizing this through the "physics of reverse torsion." The mixed grip also allows more weight to be used for this reason.

In order to prevent the bar from rolling out of the hands, some lifters have been known to use an Olympic lifting technique known as the "hook" grip. This is similar to an overhand grip, but the thumbs are inside, allowing the lifter to "hook" onto them with the fingers. The hook grip can make it easier to hold heavier weights using less grip strength, and keeps both shoulders and elbows in a symmetrical position. While it theoretically takes much of the stress off of the joints which might be created by the twisting of a mixed grip it has the disadvantage of being extremely uncomfortable for the thumbs, something which those who advocate it says will pass once a lifter becomes accustomed to it. Another, but rarely used method is a combination of the mixed overhand-underhand grip and the hook grip, preferred by people who lift heavier weights than their grip can handle, but who don't want to rely on lifting straps or other supportive gear.

You will find that many powerlifters adopt the overhand grip for their lower weight sets and move to the mixed grip to lift larger weights so they can achieve their one rep max.

The trapbar deadlift is a variation of the deadlift using a special U-shaped bar (a trapbar). This allows more clearance for the knees to pass "through" the bar. To perform the trapbar deadlift, one loads the bar, steps inside the hollow portion of the bar, bends down, grasps the handles, stands erect, then lowers the bar to the ground in the exact opposite path. Proponents of trapbar deadlifts include Hardgainer Magazine, Bob Whelan, the Cyberpump website, and Dr Ken Leistner and iron-game writer Paul Kelso.

Dangers

This section does not cite any references or sources.

Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2008)

Bad deadlift form can cause spinal cord injuries like lumbago and sciatica

Improper form (not maintaining a neutral spine) can precipitate new conditions, aggravate existing ones, and possibly cause injury, especially the heavier the weight one lifts. Failure to maintain neutral spine, primary job of the back muscles, during the movement causes undue stress to the spinal discs, by pinching the front and leaving a gap at the back, forcing the internal fluids to compress towards the back, and potentially causing a herniated disc. This is especially true of the lumbar region of the spine, which bears the bulk of the compressive forces on the upper body.[citation needed]

In addition, the compression can squeeze the spinal roots of the spinal cord, causing nerve-conditions like lumbago or sciatica.

It is important that those executing a deadlift be proficient in the recruitment (voluntary activation) of the deep abdominal and trunk muscles. In particular, it has been suggested that recruiting the transversus abdominus muscle provides a natural corset-like brace around the trunk, helping to protect against injury. A good method to help achieve this and avoid lower back injuries is to keep the abdominals braced using the Valsalva maneuver.[citation needed] This will build anterior support for the spine. However, as a cautionary note, this technique can drastically increase blood pressure during the exercise and should not be performed by people with known or suspected heart conditions.

Some weightlifters use special belts to keep their lower back stabilized. Whether or not these belts actually prevent injuries is debated[citation needed] but evidence shows using the belt moves the concentration of pressure within the abdomen towards the anterior, taking pressure off of the spine.[citation needed]

Using an underhand grip is potentially hazardous on heavy deadlifts as a supinated grip shortens the biceps muscle and increases the load on it, possibly leading to a rupture of the muscle or connecting tendons. The risk is most notable in individuals without full flexibility in the elbow joint.[citation needed] However, using an over-under grip allows one to lift more weight due to the reduced chance of the weight falling out of one's hands.

References

Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2009)

^ Soong, Michael: "Men's Superheavyweight Weight Class Top 20", "Powerlifting Watch", Retrieved: 2009-06-20

^ Konstantin Konstantinovs Pulls 939 Lbs Raw

^ "Romanian Deadlift", Core Performance", Retrieved on 2009-06-20

^ Tsatsouline, Pavel: "Power to the People", Retrieved: 2009-08-23

Further reading

Mark Rippetoe with Lon Kilgore, Starting Strength, The Aasgaard Company Publishers, 2005, ISBN 0-9768-0540-5

Frdric Delavier, Strength Training Anatomy, Human Kinetics, 2001, ISBN 0-7360-4185-0

External links

Benedikt Magnusson breaking the record under WPO powerlifting rules

Andy Bolton breaks the Olympic World Record

Deadlift animation

Stiff Leg Deadlift Tutorial

Deadlift Execution

Romanian Deadlift - Core Performance

Database & Rankings of Best French Deadlifters - Club150

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Strength training exercises

Quadriceps (front of legs)

Squat (compound)  Leg press (compound)  Lunge (compound)  Leg raise (compound)  Leg extension (isolation)

Hamstrings (back of legs)

Deadlift (compound)  Leg curl (isolation)

Calves

Calf raise (isolation)

Pectorals (chest)

Bench press (compound)  Fly (isolation)  Machine fly (isolation)  Press-up/Push-up (compound)  Pullover (isolation)

Lats and trapezius (upper back)

Bent-over row (compound)  Chin-up (compound)  Pulldown (compound)  Pullup (compound)  Shoulder shrug (isolation)

Deltoids (shoulders)

Front raise (isolation)  Handstand push-up (compound)  Lateral raise (isolation)  Military press (compound)  Shoulder press (compound)  Upright row (compound)  Rear delt raise (isolation)

Triceps (back of arms)

Dip (compound)  Pushdown (isolation)  Triceps extension (isolation)

Biceps (front of arms)

Biceps curl (isolation)

Abdomen and obliques (belly)

Crunch (isolation)  Sit-up (isolation)  Leg raise (compound)  (any rotational movement will engage the obliques)

Lower back

Back extension (isolation)  Deadlift (compound)  Good-morning (compound)  Hyperextension

See also: Bodyweight exercise  Weight training  List of weight training exercises  Bodybuilding

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