IBM 305 RAMAC

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Background:380 console and 305 processing unit.The IBM 305 RAMAC was the first commercial computer that used a moving head hard disk drive (magnetic disk storage) for secondary storage. IBM introduced the storage unit on September 4, 1956 before unveiling the entire computer nine days later on September 13. RAMAC stood for "Random Access Method of Accounting and Control". Its design was motivated by the need for real time accounting in business. The first RAMAC to be used in the US auto industry was installed at Chrysler's MOPAR Division in 1957. It replaced a huge tub file which was part of MOPAR's parts inventory control and order processing system. The 305 was one of the last vacuum tube computers that IBM built. The IBM 350 disk system stored 5 million 8-bit (7-bits plus 1 odd parity bit) characters. It had fifty 24-inch diameter disks. Two independent access arms moved up and down to select a disk, and in and out to select a recording track, all under servo control. Average time to locate a single record was 600 milliseconds. Several improved models were added in the 1950s. The IBM RAMAC 305 system with 350 disk storage leased for $3,200 per month in 1957 dollars, equivalent to a purchase price of about $160,000. More than 1000 systems were built. Production ended in 1961, the RAMAC computer became obsolete in 1962 when the IBM 1405 Disk Storage Unit for the IBM 1401 was introduced, and the 305 was withdrawn in 1969.One storage disk showing head crash damage.The original 305 RAMAC computer system could be housed in a room of about 9 m (30') by 15 m (50'); the 350 disk storage unit measured around 1.5 m2 (16 sq ft). The first hard disk unit was shipped September 13, 1956. The additional components of the computer were a card punch, a central processing unit, a power supply unit, an operator's console/card reader unit, and a printer. There was also a manual inquiry station that allowed direct access to stored records. IBM touted the system as being able to store the equivalent of 64,000 punched cards.Programming the 305 involved not only writing machine language instructions to be stored on the drum memory, but also almost every unit in the system (including the computer itself) could be programmed by inserting wire jumpers into a control panel.During the 1960 Olympic Winter Games in Squaw Valley (USA), IBM provided the first electronic data processing systems for the Games. The system featured an IBM RAMAC 305 computer, punch card data collection, and a central printing facility.Currie Munce, research vice president for Hitachi Global Storage Technologies (which has acquired IBM's storage business), stated in a Wall Street Journal interview that the RAMAC unit weighed over a ton, had to be moved around with forklifts, and was delivered via large cargo airplanes. According to Munce, the storage capacity of the drive could have been increased beyond five megabytes, but IBM's marketing department at that time was against a larger capacity drive, because they didn't know how to sell a product with more storage.RAMAC mechanism at Computer History MuseumContents1 Architecture 1.1 Drum memory 1.2 Jumps 1.3 Timing 2 Hardware implementation 3 Related peripheral units 4 Footnotes 5 External links // ArchitectureThe 305 was a character-oriented variable "word" length decimal (BCD) computer with a drum memory rotating at 6000 RPM that held 3200 alphanumeric characters. A core memory buffer of 100 characters was used for temporary storage during data transfers.Each character was 7 bits, composed of two zone bits ("X" and "O"), four BCD bits for the value of the digit, and an odd parity bit ("R") in the following format: X O 8 4 2 1 RInstructions could only be stored on 20 tracks of the drum memory and were fixed length (10 characters), in the following format:T1 A1 B1 T2 A2 B2 M N P Q Field positionsFunctionT1 A1 B1Source operand address Track, low order AB characterT2 A2 B2Destination operand address Track, low order AB characterM NLength of operands (each operand must be entirely on its specified track)PProgram exit code; used to select test conditions, perform jumps, and initiate input/output. The 305's control panel programming determines the action(s) performed.QControl code; modifies the operation (similar to an op code), the default operation being a copy from source to destination. Other operations were: "1" Compare, "2" Field compare, "3" Compare & Field compare, "5" Accumulator reset, "6" Blank transfer test, "7" Compress & Expand, "8" Expand, "9" CompressFixed-point data "words" could be any size from one decimal...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about queen oem cosmetic, pro bowl barber, . The Pomegranate powder products should be show more here!