Sunday, April 12, 2009

Smelts

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(Redirected from Smelt)
For other uses, see Smelt (disambiguation).
Smelt
Rainbow Smelt, Osmerus mordax
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Actinopterygii
Order:
Osmeriformes
Family:
Osmeridae
Genera
AllosmerusHypomesusMallotusOsmerusSpirinchusThaleichthys
Smelts are a family, Osmeridae, of small fish found in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. They are common in the North American Great Lakes, and in the lakes and seas of the northern part of Europe, and run in large schools along the coastline during their spring migration to their spawning streams.
It is one of the few fish that sportsmen are allowed to net, using dip nets, either along the coastline or in the streams. Some sportsmen also ice fish for smelt. Smelt are often fried and eaten whole.
Contents
1 Description
2 Species
3 Smelt dipping
4 As food
5 Festivals
6 Miscellaneous
7 External links
//
Description
A favorite of the Mediterranean. Smelts resemble salmon in appearance, but are smaller, usually reaching only around 20centimetres (7.9in), although some species can reach as much as 70centimetres (28in).[1] Indeed, smelts are a food source for salmon and lake trout. Like salmon, many species are anadromous, living most of their lives in the sea, but travelling into fresh water to breed. However, there are a few exceptions, such as the surf smelt, which spend their entire lives at sea.[2]
Smelt roe is bright orange in color, and is often used to garnish sushi.
Species
File:Transpacificus.jpg
transpacificus
There are fifteen species of smelt, grouped into six genera:[1]
Family Osmeridae
Genus Allosmerus
Allosmerus elongatus - Whitebait smelt
Genus Hypomesus
Hypomesus chishimaensis - Kunashir smelt
Hypomesus japonicus
Hypomesus nipponensis - Japanese smelt
Hypomesus olidus - Pond smelt
Hypomesus pretiosus - Surf smelt
Hypomesus transpacificus - Delta smelt
Genus Mallotus
Mallotus villosus - Capelin
Genus Osmerus
Osmerus eperlanus - European smelt
Osmerus mordax - Rainbow smelt
Osmerus spectrum - Pygmy smelt
Genus Sprinchus
Spirinchus lanceolatus
Spirinchus starksi - Night smelt
Spirinchus thaleichthys - Longfin smelt
Genus Thaleichthys
Thaleichthys pacificus - Eulachon
Smelt dipping

Smelt dipping in the Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan
In Michigan and other Great Lake states of USA, "smelt dipping" is a common group sport in the early spring months (generally late April in the Upper Peninsula, when the stream water reaches approximately 4鐧�, 40-42f). Fish are spotted using a flashlight / headlamp (the best smelt dipping is in the middle of the night from 10:00pm - 2:00am) and scooped out of the water using a dip net made of nylon or metal mesh. The smelt are cleaned by removing the head and the entrails. Fins, scales, and bones of all but the largest of smelts are cooked without removal.[citation needed]
On the Maine coast, smelts were also a sign of spring, with the run of these small fish up tiny tidal estuaries. Many of these streams were narrow enough for a person to straddle and get a good catch of smelt by dipping a bucket.[citation needed]
As food

Close-up of smelt for sale at a California seafood market
Smelts have been traditionally an important winter catch in the salt water mouths of rivers in New England and the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Fishermen would go to customary locations over the ice using horses and sleighs. Smelt taken out of the cold salt water were much preferred to those taken in warm water. The smelt did not command a high price on the market, but provided a useful supplemental income in times when wants were much less. The smelts were "flash frozen" simply by leaving them on the ice and then sold to fish buyers who came down the rivers on horse and sleigh. They were also a winter meal. They were gutted, heads and tails removed and rinsed in cold water then dipped in flour mixed with salt and pepper and fried in butter. Served with boiled potatoes and pickled beets, they were an addition to winter fare.[citation needed]
Festivals
In the city of Inje, South Korea (Gangwan-do Province) a yearly Ice Fish Festival is held from January 30 to February 2 on Soyang Lake. The festival coincides with a smelt run when these small fish make their yearly journey into fresh water to breed. Smelt are locally known as "Bing-O" and are typically eaten alive or deep fried.[1]
Miscellaneous
Lists of miscellaneous information should be avoided. Please relocate any relevant information into appropriate sections or articles. (December 2008)
A...(and so on)

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