Tableware: Dunhuang

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Location of Dunhuang
Coordinates: 4006?N 9439?E? / ?40.1鐧� 94.65鐧�? / 40.1; 94.65 Dunhuang (Chinese: ??, also written as ?? until the early Qing Dynasty; pinyin: D?nhu閱) is a city (pop. ~150,000) in Jiuquan, Gansu province, China. It is sited in an oasis.

Tang Period Buddhist sutra fragment from Dunhuang
Contents
1 History
2 Dunhuang city centre
3 Nearby attractions
4 Transportation
5 Trivia
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
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History
Dunhuang was made a prefecture in 117 BC by Emperor Han Wudi, and was a major point of interchange between ancient China and Central Asia during the Han and Tang dynasties. Located near the historic junction of the Northern and Southern Silk Roads, it was a town of military importance. Its name is mentioned as part of the homeland of the Yuezhi or "Rouzhi" (??) in the Shiji (??), but this mention has also been identified with an unrelated toponym, Dunhong. Edges of the city are threatened with being engulfed by the expansion of the Kumtag Desert, which is resulting from longstanding overgrazing of surrounding lands.[1] Dunhuang is safe place for traders to cross.
Early Buddhist monks accessed Dunhuang via the ancient Northern Silk Road, the northernmost route of about 2600 kilometres in length, which connected the ancient Chinese capital of Xi'an to the west over the Wushao Ling Pass to Wuwei and emerging in Kashgar.[2] For centuries Buddhist monks at Dunhuang collected scriptures from the west, and many pilgrims passed through the area, painting murals inside the Mogao Caves or "Caves of a Thousand Buddhas."[3] A small number of Christian artifacts have also been found in the caves (see Jesus Sutras), testimony to the wide variety of people who made their way along the silk road. Today, the site is an important tourist attraction and the subject of an ongoing archaeological project. A large number of manuscripts and artifacts retrieved at Dunhuang have been digitized and made publicly available via the International Dunhuang Project.

Sand dunes on the edge of Dunhuang

Public art in Dunhuang

The Mingsha Shan dune overlooking Dunhuang
Dunhuang city centre
Dunhuang's city centre is relatively highly developed, including much commercial activity and many hotels. Bookshops and other souvenir shops sell materials relating to the Caves and the history of the region.
A night market is held in the city centre, popular with tourists. Many souvenir items are sold, including such typical items as jade, jewelry, scrolls, hangings, small sculptures, and the like. A sizable number of members of China's ethnic minorities engage in business at these markets. A Central Asian dessert or sweet is also sold, consisting of a large, sweet confection made with nuts and dried fruit, sliced into the portion desired by the customer.
Nearby attractions
Other neighboring attractions include:
Crescent Lake
Echoing-Sand Mountain (Mingsha Shan, ???)
These attractions are essentially part of the same area. The Crescent Lake is within the Sand-Mountain. This lake is apparently an oasis surrounded by the highly sandy area composed of high dunes. The Mingsha Shan is so named for the sound of the wind whipping off the dunes. The area is very popular with tourists, the great majority of them Chinese. A street lined with souvenir stalls leads up to the entrance to the complex. Most tourists ride camels, organized by the complex operators, to reach the sand dunes. Typically the camels are guided by a local camel guide, who include both women and men. At the dunes, a popular activity for tourists is to ride sleds down the sand slopes, much like snow-sledding during winter in temperate zones. Along the side of the Crescent Lake is a pagoda in traditional Han Chinese architecture.
Mogao Caves
Transportation
East of the city, with rides to Urumqi, Lanzhou, Xian, and Beijing. Taxis are available in the town. Dunhuang got its own train station on Mar.3,2006.Its new train station is about 2 km to the city.
Trivia
A crater on Mars was named after the city.
The late German electronic music composer Rudiger Lorenz wrote a track entitled "Dunhuang" on his 1995 release "Taklamakan" (referring to the Chinese desert). The music sonically portrays the ancient nobility of the city.
Notes
^ Ancient Chinese town on front lines of desertification battle, AFP, Nov 20, 2007
^ Silk Road, North China, C.M. Hogan, the Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham
^ The Silk Road: Two Thousand Years in the Heart of Asia, by Frances Wood
References
Baumer, Christoph. 2000. Southern Silk Road: In the Footsteps of Sir Aurel Stein and Sven Hedin. White Orchid Books. Bangkok.
Beal, Samuel. 1884. Si-Yu-Ki: Buddhist Records of the Western World,...(and so on)