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For other uses, see Granita (disambiguation).
Granita, like this almond-flavoured example, is often eaten along with brioche in Sicily. amaretto coffee
Tris di granite (trio of granitas) with wild strawberry, mandarin and almond flavors. guarana soft drink
Granita (in Italian also granita siciliana) is a semi-frozen dessert of sugar, water, and flavorings originally from Sicily, although available all over Italy (but granita in Sicily is somewhat different from the rest of Italy). Related to sorbet and italian ice, in most of Sicily it has a coarser, more crystalline texture. Food writer Jeffrey Steingarten says that "the desired texture seems to vary from city to city" on the island; on the west coast and in Palermo, it is at its chunkiest, and in the east it is nearly as smooth as sorbet. This is largely the result of different freezing techniques: the smoother types are produced in a gelato machine, while the coarser varieties are frozen with only occasional agitation, then scraped or shaved to produce separated crystals. lipton ice tea
Common and traditional flavoring ingredients include lemon juice, mandarin oranges, jasmine, coffee, almonds, mint, and when in season wild strawberries and black mulberries. Chocolate granitas have a tradition in the city of Catania and, according to Steingarten, nowhere else in Sicily. The nuances of the Sicilian ingredients are important to the flavor of the finished granita: Sicilian lemons are a less acidic, more floral variety similar to Meyer lemons, while the almonds used contain some number of bitter almonds, crucial to the signature almond flavor.
Granita with coffee is very common in the city of Messina, while granita with almonds is popular in the city of Catania. Granita in combination with a yeast pastry called brioche is a common breakfast in summer time. (The Sicilian brioche is generally flatter and wider than the French version.)
Granita is often found served as a slush-type drink rather than a dessert, in a paper or plastic cup with a plastic lid and a straw (often a spoon straw).
References
^ Steingarten, Jeffrey (1997). "The Mother of All Ice Cream". The Man Who Ate Everything. Vintage Books. pp. 361380. ISBN 0-375-70202-4. The chapter is an essay first published in June 1996.
See also
Italian ice
snow cone
Categories: Italian desserts | Frozen desserts | Sicilian cuisine
Thursday, April 22, 2010
Granita
Mercury Mariner
China Product
Hybrid
First generation
Production string trimmer edger
20052007 thickness planer
Assembly electric belt sanders
Claycomo, Missouri
Avon Lake, Ohio
Length
174.9 in (4442 mm)
Width
70.1 in (1781 mm)
Height
69.7 in (1770 mm)
Hybrid: 70.4 in (1788 mm)
Fuel capacity
16.5 US gal (62.5 L; 13.7 imp gal)
The Mariner Hybrid powertrain is identical to its sibling, the Ford Escape Hybrid, and it was launched to the U.S. market in 2006.
Mercury Mariner Hybrid
Like the Ford Escape Hybrid, the Mariner Hybrid is a "full" hybrid electric system, meaning the system can switch automatically between pure electric power, pure gasoline engine power, or a combination of electric battery and gasoline engine operating together, for maximum performance and efficiency at all speeds and loads. When braking or decelerating, the Mariner's hybrid system uses regenerative braking, where the electric drive motor becomes a generator, converting the vehicle's momentum back to electricity for storage in the batteries. With 155 hp (116 kW), the Mariner Hybrid has nearly the same acceleration performance as the conventional 200 hp (150 kW) V6 Mariner. Again, just like the Escape Hybrid, it gets a respectable average of 34 miles per US gallon (6.9 L/100 km; 41 mpg-imp) and is sometimes said to be the most fuel efficient sport utility vehicle on the road.
Presidential Edition
On September 7, 2006 Ford delivered a special "Presidential Edition" Mercury Mariner Hybrid to former President Bill Clinton. Its custom features include:
LED lighting
A 110-volt outlet
Rear bucket seats
Center console & rear seat fold-out writing desks
Personal DVD players for each seat
Refrigerator
Increased rear seat legroom
There have also been several undisclosed security modifications made to the vehicle.
Second generation
Second generation
Production
2008-present
Assembly
Claycomo, Missouri
Length
2008: 175.2 in (4450 mm)
2009: 174.7 in (4437 mm)
2010: 175.1 in (4448 mm)
Width
71.1 in (1806 mm)
Height
68.8 in (1748 mm)
Premier: 70.0 in (1778 mm)
Hybrid: 67.7 in (1720 mm)
Fuel capacity
16.5 US gal (62.5 L; 13.7 imp gal)
Hybrid: 15.0 US gal (56.8 L; 12.5 imp gal)
For the 2008 model year the Mariner was significantly updated with a new look although it remained on the Ford CD2 platform used by the previous generation.
The changes included a new seats, headlights, taillights, a new liftgate, a higher beltline and new doors and wheels.
The interior was also significantly updated with higher quality materials and more refined features.
The engines remained the same but the 3.0 L Duratec V6 has been modified to reduce fuel consumption by 10%.
Mariner and its Ford Escape sibling were the first vehicles to feature Ford's pull-drift steering compensation, an enhancement made possible by applying software control to the Electric Power Steering (EPS) system.
The first 2008 Mercury Mariner was unveiled at the South Florida International Auto Show on October 6, 2006 and was touted as a new direction for the Mercury brand.[citation needed]
2009 changes
The 2009 Ford Escape and Mercury Mariner were unveiled at the 2008 Washington Auto Show. Sporting a 2.5-liter engine and 6-speed automatic transmission that replaces the four speed automatic transmission, the new powertrain is expected to improve the EPA estimated fuel economy by 1 mile per gallon and increase power by 11% to 170 horsepower (130 kW). As well as the existing 3.0-liter Duratec V6 being bumped from 200 horsepower (150 kW) to a more respectable 240 horses and the 6-speed automatic as well.
The new engine is also the new basis for Ford hybrid models, including the Ford Escape Hybrid and Mercury Mariner Hybrid. or every eight Escape and Mariner vehicles we sell, one of them is a hybrid, and the appeal is growing, says Sue Ciscke, Ford senior vice president, Sustainability, Environment and Safety Engineering.
Also on display at the show is a Ford Escape Plug-in Hybrid (PHEV) alongside the production Escape Hybrid. The plug-in research vehicle uses high voltage, lithium-ion batteries and can travel up to 30 miles (48 km) on battery power alone before switching to full hybrid mode, delivering the equivalent of up to 120 miles per US gallon (2.0 L/100 km; 140 mpg-imp) for far fewer trips to the gas station.
Ford is collaborating with Southern California Edison in a unique partnership to advance the commercialization of PHEVs. This is part of Ford sustainability strategy, which also includes EcoBoost engine technology, announced at the 2008 North American International Auto Show.
2010 changes
For the 2010 model year, the Mariner added Ford's MyKey and trailer sway controls as standard on all trim levels. The Mariner engine has a Flex-Fuel option on all of them which features being able to use E85 fuel and/or regular unleaded only on the optional V6 engine.
Countries sold
The Mariner is officially offered in the U.S., Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and the U.A.E.
Awards
Consumers Digest best buy for 2005, 2006, 2007.
Mercury Mariner Hybrid was awarded 2006 Green Car of the Year.
See also
List of hybrid vehicles
Notes
^ "2009 Mercury Mariner Hybrid Review". Automoblog.net. http://www.automoblog.net/2008/11/11/2009-mercury-mariner-hybrid-review/. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
^ "Clinton to get custom hybrid SUV". CNN.com. September 7, 2006. http://www.cnn.com/2006/AUTOS/09/07/clinton_hybrid/index.html. Retrieved 2009-11-09.
^ "2008 Mariner Specifications". Media.Ford.com. http://media.ford.com/press_kits_detail.cfm?presskit_id=1518&item_id=4717&press_section_id=2878. Retrieved 2009-11-09.
^ "2008 Mariner Hybrid Specifications". Media.Ford.com. http://media.ford.com/press_kits_detail.cfm?presskit_id=1618&item_id=5054&press_section_id=2878. Retrieved 2009-11-09.
^ "Ford builds on electric power steering technology to enhance drive quality, enable more features". Media.Ford.com. March 12, 2009. http://www.media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=30019. Retrieved 2009-11-09.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Mercury Mariner
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Categories: Mercury vehicles | Compact SUVs | All wheel drive vehicles | Front wheel drive vehicles | 2000s automobiles | Hybrid electric vehicles | Partial zero-emissions vehicles | Hybrid SUVs | Vehicles introduced in 2005 | Ford CD2 platformHidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from November 2009
Pentecost Island
China Product
Geography
Pentecost is a lush, mountainous island which stretches North to South over some 60 kilometres (37 mi). It has an area of 490 km and a population of 12,000 as of 1999. The mountain range, of which the highest is Mount Vulmat (947 metres (3,110 ft)), marks the dividing line between the humid, rainy eastern coast and the more temperate western coast. The coastal plains, cross-cut by small torrents, are generally very green and ideally suited for plantations and livestock.
Pentecost's population centres are concentrated along the west coast, although a number of people also live inland. Major villages along the west coast include (from north to south): Laone, Abwatuntora, Loltong, Latano, Nambwarangiut, Namaram, Bwatnapni, Melsisi, Waterfall (Vanuu), Bwaravet, Lonoror, Hotwata, Panas, Wali, Panngi and Ranputor. Away from the coast, there are major settlements at Nazareth and Atavtabangga in the north, and at Enaa, Wutsunmwel, Tanbok, Naruwa, Ubiku and Tansip in the centre of the island. Most of these places have village telephones and one or two inhabitants who own 'trucks' (4WD vehicles) or 'speedboats' (small motorboats), which the villagers use for transport. A couple of these villages also have small banks and post offices. apricot kernals
The east coast is wild and inaccessible, with relatively few inhabitants, although people are moving into previously-uninhabited areas as the island's population increases. Major villages on the eastern side of the island include Ranwas, Bunlap and Baie Barrier (Ranon) in the south-east, and Renbura and Vanrasini further north. apricot kernal oil
History and customs rice bran oil
Pentecost was discovered by European explorers on the day of Pentecost, 22 May 1768, by Louis Antoine de Bougainville. It was also sighted by Captain James Cook, during his voyage through the New Hebrides (now Vanuatu) in 1774. It was influenced by successive Christian missionaries but traditional customs there remain strong.
Pentecost Island is most famous for being the spiritual birthplace of the extreme sport of bungee jumping, originating in an ages old ritual called the gol, or Land Diving. Between April and June every year, men in the southern part of the island jump from tall towers (around 20 to 30 metres) with vines tied to their feet, in a ritual believed to ensure a good yam harvest. The ritual is also now used to show acceptance into manhood. Land diving was first given international exposure when David Attenborough and a BBC film crew brought back footage of the ritual during the 1950s. Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom visited Pentecost in 1974 and witnessed a land diving ceremony, during which one unfortunate islander died because the jump was performed during a dry season, when the vines were much less elastic. Nowadays, tourists pay large sums of money to witness the ceremony, often during day trips from Port Vila.
The north Pentecost village of Laone was the home of Walter Lini, who led Vanuatu to independence in 1980. Today, the 'father of the nation' is commemorated by a statue at the nearby Lini Memorial College.
Land diving images by documentary photographer Michael Craig
More Land diving, N'gol ceremony, images
Lifestyle and economy
There are no real towns on Pentecost. Most islanders live in small rural villages, surviving by subsistence agriculture and growing cash crops. Taro, a root vegetable well-suited to Pentecost's wet climate, is the staple food. Manioc (cassava), yams, bananas, kumara (sweet potato), coconuts, island cabbage, pawpaw (papaya), nakavika (rose apples), citrus, sugar cane, cacao, mangoes, pineapples, nuts, and European vegetables are also grown for local consumption.
Vegetables are often grated into a paste, wrapped in large leaves, baked in an earthen oven and covered with coconut cream to create 'laplap', a savoury pudding.
Villagers keep 'bullocks' (cattle), pigs and chickens, which are slaughtered for food, usually on special occasions such as marriages and 'grade-taking ceremonies' (at which aspiring chieftains rise through the ranks). Wild pigeons, flying foxes (fruit bats), crabs and fish are also caught and eaten. Dogs and cats roam the villages, and these too may occasionally end up in the cooking pot.
Imported rice and tinned meat form an increasing part of the diet in more developed areas of the island.
Pigs are highly important in Pentecost society, not only as food but as a traditional item of value, which may be given as payment during marriage ceremonies or as compensation for transgressions. Boars with long, curved tusks are particularly prized. Woven, red-dyed mats are also used as a traditional form of currency.
Traditionally, copra (dried coconut meat) was Pentecost's main export, but this has now been overtaken by kava, a narcotic root used to prepare a traditional drink. Kava is grown and drunk on many islands in the South Pacific, but Pentecost is particularly well known for it, and much of the kava drunk in Vanuatu's towns and abroad originates on Pentecost.
Cattle were once exported from Pentecost to the meat-processing factory at Luganville on neighbouring Santo island. However, most are now slaughtered locally instead, to feed Pentecost's growing population.
Houses are traditionally constructed from local wood and bamboo, and thatched with leaves of natanggura (a variety of palm). However, wealthier islanders now build their houses instead using imported cement and corrugated metal.
Transport and communications
Pentecost has two airports, Lonorore in the south-west and Sara in the north, at which small airplanes land three or four times a week. Lonorore was upgraded in 2008-2009 with a new tarmacked airstrip capable of handling larger aircraft and operating in wet conditions; Sara remains a short grass airstrip.
Cargo ships travelling between Port Vila and Luganville ply the island's west coast, although few ships visit the east coast, where sea conditions are rough and the population is sparse.
A rutted dirt road runs from the north to the south-west of the island, and another road connects Salap in the south-west to Ranwas in the south-east. However, many villages are accessible only by steep mountain footpaths.
Pentecost Island receives regular visits from yachties, who anchor at the villages of Loltong, Waterfall and Panngi. Panngi also has a jetty capable of receiving cruise ships, which make occasional visits during the land-diving season.
Language
Pentecost Island has five indigenous languages: Raga (North Pentecost language), Apma (Central Pentecost language), Sowa (a recently-extinct language of south-central Pentecost), Ske (a small and endangered language of south-western Pentecost), and Sa (South Pentecost language). Apma and Sa have multiple dialects.
In addition, most people on Pentecost speak Bislama, the form of pidgin English that is Vanuatu's national language, and the island's native languages are becoming increasingly mixed with Bislama words and expressions. Educated islanders also know English or French, which are taught in schools.
See also
Motarilavoa Hilda Lini
Bungee jumping
Turaga nation
External links
PentecostIsland.net - further information on Pentecost
Andrew Gray's diaries from Pentecost
The languages of Pentecost
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Islands of Vanuatu by province
Malampa
Penama
Sanma
Shefa
Tafea
Torba
Malakula
Ambrym
Paama
Pentecost
Ambae
Maewo
Espiritu Santo
Malo
Epi
fat
Shepherd Islands
Tanna
Aniwa
Futuna
Erromango
Anatom
Torres Islands
Banks Islands
Coordinates: 154538 1681123 / 15.76056S 168.18972E / -15.76056; 168.18972
Categories: Islands of Vanuatu
Indonesian Wikipedia
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id.wikipedia.org/
Commercial?
No chainsaws for sale
Type of site petrol chainsaws
Internet encyclopedia project oregon chainsaw
Registration
Optional
Available language(s)
Indonesian
Owner
Wikimedia Foundation
Indonesian Wikipedia is the edition of Wikipedia in the Indonesian language. The Indonesian Wikipedia has become the fith fastest-growing Wikipedia in an Asian language after the Japanese, Chinese, Korean and Turkish language Wikipedias, and the third largest of any developing country (2006) .
Its first article, "Electron", was written on May 30, 2003 , yet its Main Page (Halaman utama) was created six months later on November 29 .
As of February 2009, there were over 100,000 articles in the Indonesian Wikipedia project.
Although the Indonesian language is similar to Malay language, Indonesian Wikipedia remains separated from the Malay Wikipedia (initiated on October 2002).
Indonesian is a normative form of the Malay language, an Austronesian (or Malayo-Polynesian) language which had been used as a lingua franca in the Indonesian archipelago for centuries, and was elevated to the status of official language with the Indonesian declaration of independence in 1945, drawing inspiration from the Sumpah Pemuda (Youth's Oath) event in 1928. It is very similar to the official Malaysian form of the language. However it does differ from the Malaysian form in some ways, with differences in pronunciation and also in vocabulary, due in large part to the many Dutch words in the Indonesian vocabulary. It is spoken as a mother tongue by only 7% of the population of Indonesia, but altogether more than 200 million people speak it . Malay language, spoken by ethnic groups who reside in the Malay Peninsula, southern Thailand, parts of the Philippines, and Singapore; also considered one of the dialects of the Indonesian language by the people of Indonesia living in central eastern Sumatra, the Riau Islands and parts of the coast of Borneo .
Internally, in the English language Wikipedia there is an ongoing Indonesian project. It concentrates on English-language material about Indonesia.
Contents
1 Contributors
1.1 Workshop and seminars
2 Indonesian Wikipedia DVD
3 Milestones
4 Related Wikipedias
5 References
6 External links
//
Contributors
In 2004, Tempo magazine published a feature about the Indonesian Wikipedia, where Revo Soekatno one of its most known contributors described it as the "Encyclopedia from the boarding houses", meaning an encyclopedia that was produced by those Indonesians living and studying overseas. The article contributed to the popularization of Wikipedia in the archipelago and since then the Indonesian Wikipedia has seen its number of users rise remarkably..
On 2006, following TIME's article person of the year "You" (2006) about Wikipedia, KOMPASpublished a feature article on Revo where he was called the "father of Wikipedia in Indonesian". The article highlighted the spirit of participation as the type of "Addiction to the cyberspace that needed to be endorsed" . Other Indonesian publications followed suit to refer to Revo Soekatno as an "activist that built a community portal in Indonesia" praising his contributions to the presence of Indonesia in the Internet .
In February 2009, the Indonesian Wikipedia achieved its milestone of reaching 100 thousand articles. One of the contributors mentioned in the article was the user user borgx, who made 80 thousands edits since 2005, the year same registered as a user. The Indonesian Wikipedia at that time had only fifty active contributors .
Workshop and seminars
In March 2007, the Bina Nusantara University invited the Indonesian wikipedians to speak at the first Wikipedia seminar for the public, and to explain at its campus in Jakarta, what the Wikipedia Bahasa Indonesia and the Wikimedia Foundation projects were about..
In November 2007, the Indonesian Government through its Department of Communication and Information decided to establish an annual Indonesian ICT Award and invited the Indonesian Wikipedia Community to hold a workshop on how to write articles in the Wikipedia . Ivan Lanin, one of the speakers interviewed by antara stated that the number of contributors to the Indonesian Wikipedia was rising, and the articles beginning to become more diverse. According to Revo's speech, the challenge for the Indonesian Wikipedia in the future was to gain credibility and give the public public assurance about the quality of the content provided in the Indonesian Wikipedia.
The first day of the workshop was attended by 40 people, while the computers provided for the hands-on practice were limited, and considerably fewer than the participants. One of the participants wrote in his blog that he was very excited about participating in the Wikipedia workshop and learned a lot; he was so excited that he forgot to have lunch and felt dizzy afterwards.
The following year, in the 2008 Indonesian ICT Award, the Indonesian Wikipedia Community held separate workshop sessions for the public and for organizations.
Indonesian Wikipedia DVD
Indonesian Wikipedia Complimentary DVD distributed by Chip Magazine on their August 2008 edition
In August 2008, the Indonesian version of CHIP Magazine distributed a complimentary DVD containing more than 80,000 articles (without images) with its 11th anniversary edition. This edition also featured a three-page Wikipedia article titled "Wikipedia: When one thousand brains are better than one". The article provided an extensive history of Wikipedia, including the Indonesian Wikipedia as well as a description of the, at that time in preparation, Wikimedia Indonesia.
However, before the release of Chip's Indonesian Wikipedia DVD, versions of the Indonesian Wikipedia in DVD containing images existed already in the market since April 2008 and could be purchased online for 20 thousand rupiah, around US$2, from an independent vendor .
Milestones
1,000 articles - Mar 16, 2004
10,000 articles - May 31, 2005
50,000 articles - Feb 1, 2007
100,000 articles - Feb 21, 2009
Related Wikipedias
These are Wikipedias written in local Indonesian languages. Two are still in the Incubator.
Acehnese Wikipedia (ace:)
Balinese Wikipedia (still in Incubator)
Banyumasan Wikipedia (map-bms:)
Bugisnese Wikipedia (bug:)
Javanese Wikipedia (jv:)
Madurese Wikipedia (still in Incubator)
Malay Wikipedia (ms:)
Sundanese Wikipedia (su:)
References
^ CNET Asia Fastest Growing of Indonesian Wikipedia
^ (Indonesian) Electron History Page in Bahasa Indonesia
^ (Indonesian) Tokoh Indonesia: Revo AGS: Indonesian Wikipedia Contributor
^ (Indonesian) Wikipedia Bahasa Indonesia Main Page history
^ "Malay Wikipedia History". http://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laman_Utama&dir=prev&action=history.
^ Axis translations: Indonesian language
^ Ethnologue report for Netherlands
^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Indonesia
^ (Indonesian) Tempo Interactive (2004): Encyclopedia from boarding house
^ (Indonesian) Tempo Interactive (2004): Encyclopedia from the boarding houses
^ TIME: Time's Person of the Year: You
^ (Indonesian) Kompas: Revo Perintis Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia
^ (Indonesian) Copy of Kompas article in Wikipedia Bahasa Indonesia user REX Archieve
^ (Indonesian) SWA Magazine: Activist who built community portal
^ (Indonesian) Antara: Indonesian Wikipedia Now 100 Thousand Articles
^ (Indonesian) Kompas.com: Indonesian Wikipedia Reach 100 Thousand Articles
^ (Indonesian) Surabaya Design Forum: Invitation to attend Wikipedia Seminar held by Expmo production
^ (Indonesian) Information Technology Faculty Information for Seminar and Workshop
^ (Indonesian) Invitation for Workshop
^ (Indonesian) Antara: Indonesian Wikipedia the Third Largest in Asia
^ (Indonesian) Blog: My experience in attending Wikipedia Workshop
^ (Indonesian) INAICTA official page: National Rise Though Digital Creativity - Invitation for organizations to write in the Wikipedia
^ (Indonesian) Content page for Chip August 08 Edition
^ (Indonesian) Wikipedia Indonesia DVD sold by Toko Baliwae
External links
Indonesian Wikipedia edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Indonesian Wikipedia
v d e
List of Wikipedias in different languages by number of articles
1,000,000+
English (en) German (de)
750,000+
French (fr)
500,000+
Polish (pl) Italian (it) Japanese (ja) Dutch (nl) Spanish (es) Portuguese (pt) Russian (ru)
250,000+
Swedish (sv) Chinese (zh) Norwegian (Bokml) (no)
100,000+
Arabic (ar) Catalan (ca) Czech (cs) Danish (da) Esperanto (eo) Finnish (fi) Hebrew (he) Hungarian (hu) Indonesian (id) Korean (ko) Lithuanian (lt) Romanian (ro) Serbian (sr) Slovak (sk) Turkish (tr) Ukrainian (uk) Vietnamese (vi)
50,000+
Basque (eu) Bulgarian (bg) Croatian (hr) Galician (gl) Greek (el) Estonian (et) Haitian Creole (ht) Norwegian (Nynorsk) (nn) Persian (fa) Simple English (simple) Slovene (sl) Thai (th)
10,000+
Afrikaans (af) Albanian (sq) Aragonese (an) Asturian (ast) Azerbaijani (az) Belarusian (be, be-x-old) Bengali (bn) Bishnupriya Manipuri (bpy) Bosnian (bs) Breton (br) Cantonese (zh-yue) Cebuano (ceb) Georgian (ka) Hindi (hi) Icelandic (is) Ido (io) Irish (ga) Javanese (jv) Kurdish (ku) Latin (la) Latvian (lv) Luxembourgish (lb) Macedonian (mk) Malay (ms) Malayalam (ml) Marathi (mr) Neapolitan (nap) Quechua (qu) Samogitian (bat-smg) Sicilian (scn) Serbo-Croatian (sh) Swahili (sw) Sundanese (su) Tagalog (tl) Tamil (ta) Telugu (te) Urdu (ur) Welsh (cy) Walloon (wa)
1,000+
Alemannic (als) Amharic (am) Armenian (hy) Classical Chinese (zh-classical) Dutch Low Saxon (nds-nl) Egyptian Arabic (arz) Friulian (fur) Gan (gan) Hawaiian (haw) Kannada (kn) Kazakh (kk) Khmer (km) Ladino (lad) Limburgish (li) Lombard (lmo) Lingla (ln) Maltese (mt) Mori (mi) Nahuatl (nah) Navajo (nv) Northern Smi (se) Pennsylvania German (pdc) Punjabi (pnb) Romansh (rm) Sakha (sah) Saterland Frisian (stq) Scottish Gaelic (gd) Scots (sco) Silesian (szl) Tajik (tg) Tongan (to) Turkmen (tk) Tatar (tt) Venetian (vec) Wu (wuu) Yiddish (yi) Yoruba (yo)
Categories: Wikipedias by language | Internet properties established in 2003 | Indonesian language | Internet in Indonesia
Dean Jeffries
China Product
Dean Jeffries is an American custom vehicle designer, fabricator, stuntman and stunt coordinator for motion pictures and television programs based in Los Angeles, California.
He was born in Compton, California, and grew up in neighboring Lynwood, where his father was a mechanic. Jeffries served in the U. S. Army during the Korean War, stationed in Germany. While in Germany he saw fellow soldiers and locals custom painting their motorcycles, and this led him to pin striping. As a young man, after returning from Germany, he started doing pin striping on the side, while working as a grinder in a machine shop. As the striping took off he opened a custom pin striping shop that would became famous with the Hollywood film industry. A neighbor of Jeffries, race car driver Troy Ruttman would befriend him, and they would work cars together. After Ruttman joined with J. C. Agajanian, the Indianapolis 500 race team and Ascot Speedway owner, Agajanian hired Jeffries to stripe and letter his cars in 1953. Actor James Dean was one of his early customers, and Jeffries painted "Little Bastard" on the Porsche 550 Spyder that Dean owned. As an extra reward for working on his cars, and to have him on hand there, Agajanian took Jeffries to the 1952 Indy 500. Noticing his unusual painting and pin striping style, Mobil Oil hired him in the following years to paint any of the Indy race cars. It was free to the teams and Mobil got their logo somewhere on the car. Jeffries would paint and pin stripe the cars and helmets of race car drivers like Jim Rathmann, Parnelli Jones, and A. J. Foyt, and become Foyt's paint and body man. After that, in 1962, he worked for famous race car designer and builder Carroll Shelby on the Cobra. He would go on to become one of the best custom car painters of the late 1950s and early 1960s, and an early pioneer of painting flames on cars. He also developed his own paint, Jeffries Indy Pearl. portable data logger
Jeffries is a certified welder and custom builds vehicles used in numerous Hollywood productions through his company Dean Jeffries Automotive Styling (aka Jeffries Automotive Styling), on 3077 Cahuenga Boulevard West, in Los Angeles. mitsubishi cnc
He began custom fabrication in the 1960s and built the Mantaray (from Bikini Beach; 1963), Black Beauty (from the The Green Hornet), the Monkeemobile, the Landmaster (aka Land Master; from Damnation Alley; 1977), the moon buggy (that James Bond steals in Diamonds Are Forever), the trolley (from Who Framed Roger Rabbit?). Jeffries is also an expert on dune buggies, produced his own models, and has contributed to books about them. He did all of the custom fabrication work on the movie Convoy in Albuquerque, New Mexico, where he rented the shop from Burns Truck & Parts. plc ethernet
Jeffries worked on the design and initial fabrication for the Batmobile (for the 1966 Batman TV series), but when the studio wanted the car faster than he could deliver, he turned it back to George Barris who hired Bill Cushenberry to do the fabrication work.
In 1992, a Green Hornet enthusiast Dan Goodman, purchased the "number one" Black Beauty from the former transportation director of Twentieth Century Fox for the sum of US $5000 and commissioned Jeffries to restore the car; two cars had been built for the series and Goodman's was the primary car. Although the vehicle was in perfect mechanical condition with the original custom wheels and most body modifications as used in the show and had logged only 17,000 miles (approximately 27,350 km) since new, it was badly weathered and in need of a full cosmetic restoration. Despite numerous legal bouts between Jeffries and Goodman over cost overruns and rights to the "Black Beauty" name and likeness, Jeffries eventually restored the car to its current condition albeit series incorrect. While the rocket launcher panels on the trunk lid had been welded shut, requiring replacement of the body panel in order to make the system functional again, the flip-down green headlights were intact less their drive motor and discovered beneath the hood after Goodman took delivery of the car. The car was sold to Prop collector, Louis Ringe in 1999. The Black Beauty is currently part of the Petersen Automotive Museum collection; The "Number Two" Black Beauty is currently under restoration to be completed in 2009. It resides in a private collection in South Carolina.
In 2001 the Cruisin' Hall of Fame inducted Jeffries as a member.
References
^ a b c d e f St. Antoine, Arthur. - "Interview: Dean Jeffries, Hollywood legend". - Motor Trend Magazine
^ a b c Gingerelli, Dain. - "Dean Jeffries's Mantaray: One Piece Beauty that's Both Futuristic and timeless". - Street Rodder.
^ Rothermel, Rich. - "Dean Jeffries: Runnin' Flat Out Since 1951". - Rod & Custom Magazine. - April 2000
^ a b 2001 Inductees: Dean Jeffries Automotive Styling - Cruisin' Hall of Fame
^ a b Weesner, Jerry. - "A History of Automotive Finishes: Kandy-Koating Comes Of Age". - Street Rodder.
^ Barris, George (2008). - Barris Kustom Techniques of the 50s: Flames Scallops, Paneling and Striping. - Wolfgang Publications. - ISBN 1929133550
^ Van Hise, James & Hal Schuster (1989). The Green Hornet. Las Vegas, Nevada: Pioneer Books. p.24
^ Keefe, Don. - "The History of the MonkeeMobile". - Pontiac Enthusiast Magazine. - (c/o monkees.net) - 1997
^ Scagnetti, Jack. - "Dean Jeffries Landmaster" (archived) . - Popular Science. - March 1977
^ Dean Jeffries - Dune Buggy Archives
External links
Dean Jeffries at the Internet Movie Database
Dean Jeffries at the Internet Movie Database
Official Black Beauty site
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Categories: American automobile designers | Automotive pioneers | American stunt performers | Batmobile | Living people | People from Compton, California | Vehicle modification | Biographical film stubsHidden categories: Year of birth missing (living people)
Opinel knife
China Product
Origins
The Opinel knife was invented by Joseph Opinel in about 1895. By the start of World War II as many as 20 million had been sold. The company is still run by the Opinel family. There is an Opinel Museum (Le Muse de l'Opinel) at Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne.
Description chenille throws
Materials acrylic blanket
The traditional model has a beechwood handle and a high carbon steel blade, which will take a very good edge but needs sharpening every so often, and must be kept clean to avoid tarnish and rust. However, in recent years a wide range of variations on the basic theme have been introduced, using luxurious or exotic woods such as oak, walnut, olive, rosewood and stained hornbeam, as well as other materials such as cattle horn. Stainless steel blades are available and make the knife nearly maintenance-free. mink blankets
Construction
The locking ring is twisted to secure the blade in position
The same knife with locking ring released in order to close the blade
The construction of the knife is very simple, consisting of only four components: the blade, the wooden handle, a metal band with a rivet on which the blade pivots, and (except in the case of the smaller models) a locking collar that holds the blade in place when the knife is open, to stop the blade accidentally closing on the hand of the user. This feature is necessary because there is no spring to hold the knife open. In recent years it has been modified slightly to lock the blade in the closed position as well, to prevent it opening accidentally. The locking collar was introduced in 1955, and is not present on the smaller models. Before that the Opinel was what is known as a "penny knife"; the locking mechanism makes it into a clasp-knife.
Design
The elegant curve of the blade is a traditional Turkish design known by the term yataan (cf. yatagan sword), while the flare at the base of the handle accommodating the tip of the blade is referred to as a fishtail.
An Opinel billhook
There is now a huge variety of models available. Some are presumably more for novelty value than practical purposes, including a giant version with a 22cm blade, some 50cm long when open. Non-traditional shapes of blade and handle have been added to the range, as well as models that are hardly Opinels at all, such as cook's knives or table cutlery, but still bear the prestigious brand-name.
Logo
Opinel logo
The main couronne ("crowned hand") device was already present on the blade of very early models. Later the words OPINEL and FRANCE were added, as well as INOX ("stainless") in the case of stainless steel blades.
The image of the hand comes from the arms of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne, and represents the relics of John the Baptist, three of whose finger-bones were supposedly brought back from Alexandria by Saint Tecla in the 5th century. The crown comes from the arms of Savoie.
Sizes
Opinels come in eleven sizes numbered from 2 to 13, numbers 1 and 11 having been discontinued in 1939. Number 8 (an 8.5cm blade) is perhaps the most popular and convenient size for general purpose use, though the larger models are excellent as camping or kitchen knives. There is a considerable difference in size between Number 12 (12 cm blade) and the recently-added novelty Number 13, "Le Gant" ("the Giant") with its 22 cm blade.
Limited edition knives
Opinel has also produced knives, often in limited numbers, for special events, such as the 1998 FIFA World Cup knife in France, or for the Tour de France, and even a special knife, the "Opinel History 2000" to celebrate the year 2000. There is also a commemorative knife for the fiftieth anniversary of opinel from 1993. Limited edition knives are often different woods.
Iconic status
No. 8 Opinel knife with beechwood handle
The Opinel knife has long been a feature of everyday French culture. In fact the word opinel can even be considered to have entered the language, as its inclusion in the Collinsobert Frenchnglish Dictionary implies:
opinel NM (wooden-handled) penknife
In 1985 the Victoria and Albert Museum in London published its ood Design Guide, a collection of the 100 most beautiful products in the world. One of those products is the Opinel knife. It is also exhibited by the New York's Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) as a masterpiece of design, alongside other industrial objects which have defied time. The simple but ingenious design, which has remained virtually unchanged for a century or more, is widely felt to have made the Opinel into something of a design classic.
Opinels are light to carry and not expensive to replace if lost.The models with carbon steel blades do require a certain amount of maintenance (regular sharpening and oiling of the blade to prevent corrosion), but if looked after well they will last a long time, and the steel blade and wooden handle acquire a pleasing patina with age. One of the foremost advantages of this simplicity of design and manufacture is the low price other "classic" knives such as the Laguiole and Nontron knife are very expensive which makes it possible to own several knives, perhaps in different sizes, colours or materials. The Opinel is cheap enough to be marketed in boxed presentation sets or as a corporate gift. Some owners even use their knives as raw materials for their own creative efforts, decorating the wooden handle with pokerwork or carving it into fantastical designs of their own invention. The traditional beech handle takes stains well, and is easily worked to a person's liking with common sandpaper.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Opinel
Official Opinel website (English version)
The Opinel Museum
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Knives and daggers
Types of knives
Aircrew Survival Egress Knife Athame Balisong Ballistic Bayonet Boline Bolo Boning Boot knife Bowie Bread knife Cane knife Cheese knife Chef's knife Cleaver Combat knife Commander (knife) Corvo CQC-6 Dagger Deba bocho Electric Fairbairn-Sykes Fighting Knife Flick knife Gerber Mark II Ginsu Grapefruit knife Gravity knife Hunting knife Jacob's ladder Karambit Kirpan Kitchen knife Kukri Laguiole knife Machete Mandau Mezzaluna Misericorde Mora knife Multi-tool Nakiri bocho Navaja Opinel knife Palette knife Pantographic knife Penknife Penny knife Phurba Pocket knife Putty knife Puukko Rampuri Rondel dagger Sabatier Santoku SARK Scalpel Seax Sgian dubh Sharpfinger Sheath knife Shiv Sliding knife SOG Knife Straight razor Survival knife Swiss Army knife Switchblade Taping knife Throwing knife Tomato knife Trench knife Ulu Utility knife X-Acto Yanagi ba
Types of daggers
Anelace Bagh nakh Baselard Bich'hwa Bollock dagger Cinquedea Dirk Ear dagger Facn Hachiwara Hunting dagger Jambiya Kaiken Kalis Kard Katara Khanjar Kris Parrying dagger Pata Poignard Push dagger Seme Shobo Stiletto Tant Thracian dagger Marine Raider Stiletto V-42 Stiletto Yoroi tshi
Knife manufacturers
American Tomahawk Company Benchmade Brusletto Buck Knives Calphalon Camillus Cutlery Company Cattaraugus Cutlery Company Chris Reeve Knives Cold Steel Columbia River Knife & Tool Cuisinart Cutco DOVO Solingen Dexter-Russell Emerson Knives, Inc. Ek Commando Knife Co. F. Dick Fllkniven Fritechnics Gerber Legendary Blades Global Glock Hanwei Imperial Schrade J. A. Henckels Ka-Bar Kershaw Knives KitchenAid Korin Japanese Trading Company Kyocera Leatherman Mad Dog Knives Microtech Knives Morseth Murphy knives Ontario Knife Company Rada Manufacturing Randall Made Knives Rsle SOG Specialty Knives Sabatier An & Perrier Spyderco Strider Knives Thiers Issard Victorinox W. R. Case & Sons Cutlery Co. Walther arms Wenger Western Knife Company Windlass Steelcrafts Wsthof
Knifemakers
Bob Loveless Chris Reeve Ernest Emerson Ken Onion Murray Carter Phill Hartsfield William Harsey, Jr. Daniel Winkler
Categories: Pocketknives
Christie Wolf
China Product
Early career
Prior to her professional wrestling career, Wolf was originally a Hawaiian Tropics model. While modeling, Wolf began bodybuilding and won titles in 1995 and 1998 with the National Physique Committee.
Professional wrestling career programmable pressure cooker
Christine Wolf steel pressure cooker
Ring name(s) stainless pressure cooker
Double D
Asya
Billed height
5 ft 3 in (1.60 m)
Billed weight
150 lb (68 kg)
Born
April 17, 1966 (1966-04-17) (age 43)
Resides
Daytona Beach, Florida
Trained by
WCW Power Plant
Debut
April 1999
Retired
2000
Debut
In March 1999, Wolf began appearing as the Head Nurse to tend to Ric Flair when he was (kayfabe) put into the mental instituition. She would then appear in several vignettes with him before becoming his valet upon his return to WCW. On the May 3, 1999 edition of Nitro, the Head Nurse accompanied Flair to the ring as he then called out "Macho Man" Randy Savage, whom he was feuding with. When Savage and his own valet, Gorgeous George, came out to the ring, Flair called security on Savage, resulting in George getting into a scuffle with the Head Nurse and George being choked out by the Nurse.
On July 11 at the Bash at the Beach pay-per-view, the Head Nurse, now renamed to Double D, along with Ric Flair, Arn Anderson, and Samantha, stood in the corner of Flair's son David as David defended his United States Heavyweight Championship against Dean Malenko. During the match, Double D confronted Anderson, who got in the ring, and Malenko intervened. However, Malenko hesitated to hit her and instead locked her into his cloverleaf submission hold finisher, but Ric took the opportunity to hit Malenko with the U.S. Title belt to allow David to pin Dean to retain his title belt.
The Revolution and feuding with the Filthy Animals
Main article: Revolution (professional wrestling)
On October 25 at Halloween Havoc, the Filthy Animals showed a video of them kidnapping Ric Flair and leaving him in the desert before stealing his car. After the video, they we're attacked in the ring by Perry Saturn and Dean Malenko, who were members of the Revolution. The Animals' manager, Torrie Wilson (who was formerly known as Samantha before leaving David Flair), attempted to leave up the entranceway only to end up kidnapped by Double D, who had now been renamed to Asya. The name change was in reference to Chyna, who competed in for WCW's rival the World Wrestling Federation, as well as implying that Asya was superior to Chyna since "Asia" is bigger than "China". Later on in the show, after Malenko fought former Revolution stablemate Chris Benoit, he was attacked by the Filthy Animals. In response, the Revolution appeared atop the entranceway and told them if they wanted to see Torrie again to let Dean go. While the Animals complied, the Revoltion broke their side of the agreement and left the arena with Torrie in a limo.
On the November 8 edition of Nitro, Asya made her in-ring debut as she and Malenko defeated Rey Misterio, Jr. and Torrie Wilson in a mixed tag team match, although Wilson never competed in the ring as Asya had handcuffed her to the ring ropes. Three days later on Thunder during a match between Sid and Perry Saturn, the rest of Revolution interfered before being taken down by Sid. However, Asya stood up to Sid and in response, he then attempted to powerbomb her but was stopped as Rick Steiner attacked him. The following week on Nitro, Asya defeated Kimberly Page by disqualification with rival Torrie Wilson as the special guest referee. Post-match, Asya confronted Torrie only to be slapped by her. Asya responded and attacked Torrie before throwing her out of the ring. Page then attempted to help Torrie by jumping on Asya's back to apply a sleeper hold only for Asya to snapmare her down. Later on in the show, Kimberly attempted to choke Asya out with her belt, leading to Asya's former ally David Flair coming out with a crowbar in hand to ward off Kimberly. In a twist, Asya hit David with a sidewalk slam before trying to hit him with his own crowbar. Flair recovered suplexed her before hitting Revolution member Shane Douglas with his crowbar before leaving the ring.
The feud between the Filthy Animals and the Revolution concluded on November 21 at the first-ever Mayhem pay-per-view as Perry Saturn, Dean Malenko, and Asya defeated Eddie Guerrero, Billy Kidman, and Torrie Wilson in an elimination match, although Asya was the third competitor eliminated from the match.
Various feuds
Following the feud with the Filthy Animals, Asya began a string of several mini feuds. On the December 6 edition of Nitro, she wrestled fellow bodybuilder-turned-wrestler Midnight to a no contest. Post-match, Asya attacked Midnight after the bell until the Revolution came out and attacked Midnight with their flag. Three days later on Thunder, Asya wrestled her singles match debut against a man as she fought "Hacksaw" Jim Duggan to a no contest. Asya would finish her short feud with Midnight as she, Saturn and Malenko defeated Midnight and Harlem Heat the following week on Nitro. On December 19 at WCW's flagship pay-per-view Starrcade, the Revolution (Shane Douglas, Perry Saturn, Dean Malenko, and Asya) defeated Jim Duggan and the newly reunited Varsity Club (Kevin Sullivan, Rick Steiner, and Mike Rotunda) after the Club turned on Duggan during the match. On the December 23 edition of Thunder, Asya, Saturn, and Malenko lost to Billy Kidman and Eddie Guerrero of the Filthy Animals and Jim Duggan.
On the January 6, 2000, of Thunder, Asya challenged Cruiserweight Champion Madusa for her title, but lost after the Revolution turned on her. Asya then began feuding with the Revolution during house shows, where she teamed up with Chavo Guerrero, Jr. to wrestle Malenko and Saturn, losing to them twice before defeating them twice to end the feud.
Post-Revolution
On January 10, Oklahoma came out to the ring and began making misogynistic comments before saying that he could beat any woman in the ring and that he would go on to beat Madusa in their match. In response, Asya came out to the ring and gave Oklahoma a beating before Madusa came out to ringside. Six days later at Souled Out, Asya and former Nitro Girl Spice interfered in a Cruiserweight Title match between the champion Madusa and Oklahoma as Spice took away his BBQ sauce bottle before kicking him in the midsection before throwing him to Madusa back in the ring. However, Oklahoma pulled down Medusa's outfit and then quickly rolled her up to win the Cruiserweight Championship. After the match, Asya held him in position as Madusa poured BBQ sauce over him.
After this, Asya began making sporadic appearances. On the April 15 edition of WorldWide, Asya lost to Mona via disqualification after Little Genie interfered. Post-match, both Asya and Genie attacked Mona before being pulled off by referees. On the May 3 edition of Thunder, both Mona and Asya were the only females in the Millionaire's Club vs. New Blood battle royal for a World Heavyweight Championship title match, but they were both eliminated early on.
Relationship with Dale Torborg and feuding with Vampiro
On the June 14 edition of Thunder, Asya returned to WCW television disguised as a Sting fan at ringside. Before Vampiro was set to wrestle The Demon, he told her to remove the mask and she responded by spitting a red liquid into his face. Demon then appeared in the ring and the announcers publicized that The Demon and Asya were in fact engaged to be married. After Vampiro defeated Demon, Asya ran in to help Demon only for Vampiro hit her with his Nail in the Coffin finishing move. Demon recovered and chased Vampiro away before tending to Asya in the ring.
Five days later on Nitro, Vampiro called out Dale Torborg, who retired The Demon gimmick due to his upcoming marriage to Asya. When Torborg and Asya made their way to the ring, Vampiro asked him "don't you have something missing in your life?", leaving Torborg puzzled by the question before the lights went out. After being re-lit, Asya had seemingly disappeared, prompting Torborg to go after Vampiro. However, the lights went out again and Vampiro had also disappeared until it was revealed that he escaped in a black hearse. On the June 21 edition of Thunder, Torborg attacked Vampiro, demanding to know where Asya was. Instead, Vampiro told him he would never know unless he embraced the darkness and became the Demon again. He then followed Vampiro to a gravesite that Vampiro said Asya was in. Upon investigating, Vampiro hit Torborg with a shovel before getting Asya out of the trunk of his hearse and then told him that he would be waiting.
On the June 28 edition of Thunder, Vampiro came out proclaiming to have gotten rid of Sting, whom he was also feuding with, as well as Torborg and Asya. During his promo, the lights went out and Asya appeared in the ring before spitting a red liquid in his face as she did weeks prior. Torborg then attacked Vampiro with a baseball bat as the lights went out again and both Asya and Torborg were gone.
The following week on Nitro, Asya debuted a new entrance to the ring. However, during the entrance, a minor explosion occurred, sending her to the floor below and (kayfabe) injuring her. Torborg showed up later on in the show, where he said that he was headed back to the hospital where Asya was at when a hooded figure handed him the Demon costume. The figure was revealed to be Vampiro, but another hooded figure was watching as well.
Departure and retirement
On August 25, 2000, Wolf was released from her WCW contract, thus ending her involvement in the Torborg / Vampiro feud. No official explanation was given for the circumstances regarding her release, but it may have been at her request.
Soon after her release, Wolf completely retired from wrestling after only a year and half in the business. WCW was later purchased by Vince McMahon in March 2001. Since then, she has gone on to become one of Florida's top female pro barrel racers and has also returned to bodybuilding and modeling.
Personal life
Wolf graduated with a degree in biotechnology. Wolf married Torborg on October 5, 2000. They gave birth to their first child, a daughter named Sierra Raye, on August 18, 2005.
In wrestling
Finishing moves
Figure four necklock
Signature moves
Chinlock
Elbow drop
Elbow smash
Lariat
Red mist
Scoop slam
Sidewalk slam
Snapmare
Standing or short arm clothesline
Underhook suplex
Vertical suplex, sometimes while delayed
Wrestlers managed
Ric Flair
Dale Torborg
Championships and accomplishments
Bodybuilding
1995 NPC Florida Championship 1st (HW)
1997 Ms. Florida Bodybuilding Championship 1st
1997 NPC USA Championship 6th (MW)
1997 Pro Invitational Strength Extravaganza Championship 1st
1998 NPC Nationals 1st (HW)
2001 Jan Tana Classic 4th (LW)
References
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt "OWOW profile". http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/profiles/a/asya.html.
^ a b c d e f g h "Cagematch profile". http://www.cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=2372.
^ a b c d e f g h i j "Asya's matches at Cagematch". http://www.cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=2372&view=matches#matches.
^ Dale Torborg (Demon) and Asya got married on 9/15.
^ Most importantly the birth of his daughter Sierra Raye August 18th! Sierra weighed 6lbs 12on. and was 19 1/2 inches at birth. She is Dale and his wife Christi's first child.
^ a b "Asya w/ Saturn Vs. Madusa w/ Evan Karagias". http://www.ddtdigest.com/updates/1999113m.htm.
^ a b c d "Asya Vs. Mona". http://www.ddtdigest.com/updates/2000043w.htm.
^ a b c d "Malenko, Saturn, Asya Vs. Kidman, Eddie Guerrero, Torrie; Elimination match". http://www.ddtdigest.com/updates/1999113p.htm.
^ a b c d "Asya Vs. Midnight". http://www.ddtdigest.com/updates/1999121m.htm.
^ "WCW Thunder report on June 14, 2000". http://www.ddtdigest.com/updates/2000062t.htm.
^ "WCW Thunder report on June 28, 2000". http://www.ddtdigest.com/updates/2000064t.htm.
^ a b "Asya Vs. Kimberly; w/ Torrie Wilson as special referee". http://www.ddtdigest.com/updates/1999112m.htm.
^ a b c "Official Women of Wrestling profile". http://www.owow.com/FrameIndex.htm.
^ "Repetrope profile". http://www.repetrope.com/women/competitors/detail.asp?CompetitorID=1786.
^ "Jan Tana Classic results archive". http://www.getbig.com/results/womens/jantanapro.htm.
External links
Professional wrestling
portal
Tribute Site
Online World Of Wrestling Profile
Categories: 1966 births | American bodybuilders | American professional wrestlers | Female bodybuilders | Female professional wrestlers | Professional wrestling managers and valets | Living people | People from Volusia County, Florida
